Past Perfect Simple (Subject + had + v3 + object) or Past Simple (Subject + v2 + object) We use the past perfect simple to describe events or situations which happened before another event or situation in the past which we describe using the past simple. On 1 May, Aron was still alive, but he’d... Continue Reading →
Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Simple (subject + has/have + v3 + object) We use the present perfect simple to refer to events at an unspecified time in the past which are relevant and important now. The higher temperatures have already had dramatic effects on the planet. We often use this form to talk about experiences in life... Continue Reading →
Past Simple and Past Continuous
Past Simple (Subject + V2 + object) We usually use the past simple to refer to events or states in the past, or to repeated past actions. He had many responsibilities. I went to the cinema three times last week. Past Continuous (Subject + was/were + V4 + object) We use the past continuous to... Continue Reading →
Present Simple and Present Continuous
Present Simple (subject + v1/v5 + object) We use the present simple: to refer to scientific facts and universal truths Water boils at 100 °C. The sun rises in the east. to refer to specific routines or habits I wake up at six o’ clock every morning. with adverbs of frequency We usually smile because... Continue Reading →
Achieving Coherence in an Academic Essay
Coherence in a paragraph means that all the ideas fit together in a logical flow. In a coherent paragraph, the relationship between ideas is clear, and one idea connects logically to the next. Coherence can be achieved by using transitions, logical order, pronouns, and parallel forms. Using Transitions for Coherence Transitions show how one idea... Continue Reading →
Some Common Bad Advice (In Literary Writing)
1. Tell the examiners what they want to know This advice, though sensible enough in itself, is generally taken to mean that there is a concrete body of information about the text under discussion which the examiners will expect to receive from every candidate. But so is not the case. There isn’t any particular viewpoint... Continue Reading →
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